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Background
To the authors' knowledge, the empiric identification of agents and interventions to mitigate chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) has resulted in only 1 agent that modestly mitigates it and no agents or interventions that prevent its development. This speaks to the need for a mechanistic understanding of CIPN to develop effective interventions.
Methods
To understand the...
Lay Summary
Despite longer survival with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death–ligand 1 (PD‐L1), metastatic urothelial carcinoma remains lethal. There is an unmet need to further improve the efficacy of these agents.
In their phase 2 trial, Zhang et al. evaluated the combination of pembrolizumab (a PD‐1 inhibitor) plus acalabrutinib...
Background
Recent studies have identified increases in cancer incidence among younger adults for some cancers. This study examined incidence trends for 28 cancers in Canada by age and birth cohort from 1983 to 2012.
Methods
Canadian incidence data for 20 to 84 year‐olds were obtained from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database. Age‐period‐cohort modeling was used to estimate the...
Background
The phosphatidyl 3‐inositol kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway frequently is activated in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC). In the current study, the authors performed a phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy of the pan‐isoform class I PI3K inhibitor buparlisib in patients with platinum‐refractory metastatic UC.
Methods
Two cohorts were recruited:...
Background
Identifying and addressing caregivers' unmet needs have been suggested as a way of reducing their distress and improving their quality of life. However, the needs of family cancer caregivers are complex in the period of long‐term survivorship in particular because they may diverge as the patients' survivorship trajectory does, and that is what this study investigated.
Methods
Family...
Background
Progressive, metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often requires the initiation of new systemic therapy. However, in patients with NSCLC that is oligoprogressive (≤3 lesions), local radiotherapy (RT) may allow for the eradication of resistant microclones and, therefore, the continuation of otherwise effective systemic therapy.
Methods
Patients treated from 2008 to 2019 with...
Background
Evidence of the effects of cancer prevention knowledge on the risk of developing cancer remains scarce. The objective of this study was to prospectively examine the association of cancer prevention awareness levels with cancer risk in a population‐based cancer screening cohort in China.
Methods
This prospective cohort study included 164,341 participants aged 40 to 69 years with no history...
Background
Plasma genotyping is an emerging approach for the identification of genetic alterations mediating resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–targeted therapy. The authors reviewed plasma genotyping and imaging findings to assess the correlation between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) burden and disease burden in patients with ALK‐positive lung cancer.
Methods
The authors analyzed 97...
Background
Inhibition of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) pathway has demonstrated clinical benefit in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC); however, response rates of 15% to 26% highlight the need for more effective therapies. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition may suppress myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and improve T‐cell activation.
Methods
The Randomized Phase 2 Trial...
Background
Pay‐for‐performance reimbursement ties hospital payments to standardized quality‐of‐care metrics. To the authors' knowledge, the impact of pay‐for‐performance reimbursement models on hospitals caring primarily for uninsured or underinsured patients remains poorly defined. The objective of the current study was to evaluate how standardized quality‐of‐care metrics vary by a hospital's propensity...
Background
Evidence is required to quantify the population‐level effects of endoscopic screening for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of 1‐time endoscopic ESCC screening in a Chinese rural population.
Methods
This community‐based cohort study was based on an existing esophageal cancer screening program in Feicheng...
Background
The objective of the current study was to investigate the clinical activity of, safety of, and predictive biomarkers for afatinib, an irreversible pan‐ErbB kinase inhibitor, in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (R/M‐ESCC).
Methods
Patients with R/M‐ESCC that was refractory to platinum‐based chemotherapy were enrolled in the current multicenter,...
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